Mission statement

  • Journal Komunikácie - vedecké listy Žilinskej univerzity v Žiline / Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Slovakia, is a well-established open-access international scientific journal aimed primarily at the topics connected with the field of transport.
  • The main transport-related areas covered include Civil engineering, Electrical engineering, Management and informatics, Mechanical engineering, Operation and economics, Safety and security, Travel and tourism studies.
  • Open-access policy, Creative Commons (CC BY 4.0) license.
  • No publication, processing or other fees charged for published papers.

Journal highlights

  • published from 1999 - full archive available online
  • all manuscripts carefully revised and proof-readed
  • publishing ahead of print, open access, originality check
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  • CLOCKSS, Portico, digitalne pramene


Communications was submitted to Web of Science in December 2022.


Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina - Latest articles

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Bibliometric Overview of Current Trends in Maritime Transport: The Issue of a Special Interest in Delivery of a Consignment as a Tool to Achieve Sustainability of International TransportOperation and Economics in Transport

Jarmila Sosedová, Martin Jurkovič, Alena Molnárová Baracková, Jana Majerová, Piotr Gorzelanczyk, Ondrej Stopka

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A11-A21 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.008  

The sustainability of international transport remains a critical topic of concern in both theory and practice. Ideally, scientific literature should align with practical needs, but such concurrence is not always present. This disparity is also evident in the specific issue of consignment delivery, which is currently of a great practical importance but lacks sufficient coverage in scientific literature. This paper aims to analyse current trends in maritime transport and their relevance to achieving global sustainability in international transportation. Additionally, it seeks to compare these findings with the practical needs and requirements of the...

Perception Based Level of Service for Speed Humps in Mixed Traffic Conditions - a Case Study in IndiaCivil Engineering in Transport

Satya Ranjan Samal, Malaya Mohanty, Piotr Gorzelańczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):D11-D26 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.010  

Speed humps are used to reduce vehicle speeds and enhance the road safety. However, there has been very limited study that discusses the Level of Service (LOS) that a speed hump provides to its road users. The present study attempts to designate LOS for movement on speed humps based on user perception. A perception-based survey in google forms was collected to assess the opinions of daily commuters while moving over speed humps along their regular routes to work which comprised various socio demographic and technical factors along with recommendations and suggestions. The study employed clustering technique to determine the Level of Service range....

The Impact of the Safe following Distance onto the Traffic SafetyOperation and Economics in Transport

Rafał Jurecki, Miloš Poliak

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A37-A49 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.014  

This paper provides an analysis of the values of safety distance between the two moving vehicles, based on the parameters of the behaviour of young drivers. The main objective of this research was to determine the driver's response time for braking manoeuvre (BRT) in car-following situations. The test results were used to verify certain recommendations for the vehicle driving parameters, the principles of driver's performance to increase road traffic safety, etc. The driver's response times, determined during the testing in the simulator, were used to assess the recommended values of the safe following distance under different road conditions and various...

The Experience Economy in the Systems of Urban and Regional Transport - from a Change of Location to Positive Emotional Impressions during MovementsOperation and Economics in Transport

Jozef Gnap, Grzegorz Dydkowski, Anna Urbanek

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A22-A36 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.009  

The achievements of the experience economy show that, when using services, not only their useful value is important, i.e., changing the location in the case of transport, but also related positive experiences and impressions are of increasingly great importance. Hence, the aim of the research was to assess and indicate the directions of application possibilities of the experience economy in the urban and regional transport. There were used methods of analysis of the current theoretical achievements of the experience economy and the social studies into the use of cars, as well as the methods of analogy, brainstorming, synthesis, and modelling. The personalization...

An Estimate of the Number of Accidents on Polish Highways Based on the Kind of RoadSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Przemysław Grobelny

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):F13-F22 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.012  

A surprising number of people die on Polish highways every year. Despite the fact that number is decreasing year after year, it is still rather considerable. Due to the epidemic, the costs of the road accidents were significantly lowered, but they still remain fairly large. Understanding the roads where the majority of accidents happen and the anticipated number of accidents in the next years are necessary to lower this number. The purpose of the article was to forecast the number of accidents that would happen on Polish roads based on the kind of roads. To do this, annual accident statistics from the Police's statistics for the years 2001-2021 were...

Optimization Biodiesel Production from Honge Oil (Pongamia Pinnata)Mechanical Engineering in Transport

D. Nandkishore, Patil Sanjay, Dandavate Abhijit, Gaikwad Mahesh Krishna

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B63-B71 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.015  

Rapid industrialization and increased diesel engine usage have driven up diesel consumption, burdening economies with heavy petroleum product imports. Diesel fuel emissions, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and smoke, pose environmental concerns. Biodiesel produced from non-edible vegetable oils offers a sustainable solution.

Impact of Consumer Value on the Selection of a Safe Child SeatMechanical Engineering in Transport

Damian Frej, Paweł Grabski

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B11-B21 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.002  

Unfortunately, nowadays, choosing the right child seat is a real problem, especially for new parents. When choosing a child seat, parents have to consider many factors. These include the method of mounting the seat, the mass of the seat, compatibility with a pram and information about crash tests and approvals. The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the problem of choosing a safe child seat and the purchasing preferences of parents or legal guardians who decide to buy a child seat. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a group of 950 people with children. The conducted research has shown that the main parameter influencing the...

Analysis of the Technical Condition of the Road Infrastructure of the Greater Poland Voivodship from the Aspect of Road Traffic Safety in 2010-2021Safety and Security Engineering in Transport

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Sara Szoja

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):F1-F12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.004  

Every year a large number of vehicles travel on Poland's roads. The technical condition of vehicles largely depends on the technical condition of the road infrastructure. For this reason, the purpose of the article was to analyze the technical condition of the road infrastructure. The analysis was carried out with the help of a questionnaire survey on a random group of 380 people living and using roads in the Wielkopolska province.

Development of Calculation Methodology for Optimizing the Operating Mode of an Electric Pulse Unit for Cleaning Exhaust GasesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Adil Kadyrov, Aliya Kukesheva, Yevgeniy Kryuchkov, Igor Pak, Bakyt Kurmasheva, Sapar Kabikenov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B41-B53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.011  

The results of research, devoted to operation of an electric pulse muffler designed for cleaning exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, are presented in this article. The problem considered in this research is establishing the optimal operating mode of the electric pulse muffler by changing the parameters of the distance between the electrodes and the frequency of the electric pulse. To solve this problem, experimental research on laboratory and experimental stands was carried out, which confirmed effective reduction of the gas smoke indices at adjustment of the specified parameters. As a result, a methodology was developed to calculate the...

Analysis of Grain Damage by the Bucket Elevator during Loading/UnloadingMechanical Engineering in Transport

Askhat Nurmagambetov, Ayap Kurmanov, Kuanysh Ryspayev, Zhumash Bekmyrza, Andrey Keklis

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B54-B62 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.013  

The purpose of the study was to identify problematic issues in the operation of bucket elevators during the loading and unloading of grain, which can lead to damage to seeds. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and evaluation of factors that affect the damage rate of grain were used. The main results were an increase in the safety of the grain loading and unloading process using bucket elevators and a reduction in the risks of crop losses. The analysis of grain damage by a bucket elevator is of practical importance for the agricultural sector and can bring the following practical benefits: reducing the risk of product losses, as it helps to identify...

Reliability Analysis of Benchmark Water Distribution SystemCivil Engineering in Transport

Suja S Nair, P L Meyyappan

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):D1-D10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.005  

Water is a necessary component of urban structures and a source of life. Nowadays water distribution system's performance might decline for various reasons, resulting in water waste, hence, to maintain a reliable water distribution network, assessing each water distribution study's validity is crucial. Therefore, this research has focused on using durability assessment to evaluate a water supply system. A water distribution network includes an overhead tank and nodes, pipelines, and nodes. The hydraulic properties of every node as well as pipe, including pressure and flow, are calculated utilizing EPANET. This research evaluates the reliability analysis...

Experimental Investigation of Performance of the Rotorcraft Directional RudderOperation and Economics in Transport

Andrej Novák, Karol Ścisłowski, Rafał Kliza, Robert Bąbel, Zbigniew Czyż, Paweł Karpiński

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A1-A10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.007  

The paper presents the results of gyrocopter fuselage experiment testing in a wind tunnel. The model subjected to testing was made in 1:8 scale by 3D printing. The tests included the measurement of forces and aerodynamic moments acting on the model, for a variable fuselage sideslip angle (-20º to 20º), and for three different positions of the rudder setting (0º, +5º, +10º). The measurement was carried out at an airspeed of 25 to 26 m/s. Based on the measured values, aerodynamic drag coefficients, lift coefficient and aerodynamic moment coefficients with respect to all axes of the reference system, were determined. The measurements...

Predictive Assessment of Bus Body Life in the Matlab Simulink Software EnvironmentMechanical Engineering in Transport

Dmytro Ruban, Olena Lanets, Lubomyr Kraynyk, Stepan Kovalyshyn, Hanna Ruban, Radovan Madleňák, Magdalena Maciaszczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B22-B30 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.003  

The lifespan prediction of the bus body of the load-bearing structure has been made and compared to the results of real operation. The maximum approximation of the simulation modelling results in Matlab Simulink to real operation is explained by taking into account a sufficient number of factors influencing durability. This research has the particularity that it allows determining the durability of the bus body even at the design stage, which was not possible with accelerated tests or during the operation of the bus on real routes. The obtained results can be used by bus manufacturers at the design stage, allowing them to change the construction and...

Method for Determining the Factor of Dual Wedge-Shaped Wear of Composite Brake Pads for Freight WagonsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Sergii Panchenko, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Glib Vatulia, Vasyl Ravlyuk, Andrij Rybin

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B31-B40 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.006  

The work highlights the results of a study into the dual wedge-shaped wear of composite brake pads for freight wagons. It has been found that the over-normative wear makes the area of a composite brake pad larger in the lower part up to a value directly proportional to the wagon mileage and smaller in the upper part. To assess the braking efficiency of a rail vehicle, a graphical analytical method has been developed; it allows determining the factor of dual wedge-shaped wear of pads depending on the wagon mileage. The results of calculation were verified by comparing two samplings obtained by mathematical and computer modelling. The results of...

Increasing the Reliability of Water Transport via the Usage of Modified Epoxy CoatingsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Andrii Buketov, Oleg Lyashuk, Oleksandr Sapronov, Sergii Smetankin, Mykhailo Babiy, Oleg Bezbach, Oleg Tson, Vitalii Levytskyi, Raisa Chornii

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B1-B10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.001  

In solving the problem of energy and resource conservation in transport, polymer composites are of paramount importance. Polymer composite using makes it possible to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the materials and simultaneously to increase the durability of the parts of transport machines. The authors of this article focus on the substantiation of introducing the modifier 4.4'-methylenebis(2-methoxyaniline) with low concentrations into the epoxy resin. Such materials are characterized by increased mechanical strength and the ability to withstand static, dynamic stresses, as well as impact loads, since the values of the properties...

Exploring the Traffic Congestion and Improving Travel Time Reliability Measures in Heterogeneous Traffic Environments: A Focus on Developing CountriesCivil Engineering in Transport

Satya Ranjan Samal, Malaya Mohanty, Piotr Gorzelańczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):D91-D102 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.074  

Traffic congestion is a pervasive issue that affects urban areas worldwide. This study investigates congestion on urban roads in an Indian smart city. Video graphic technique was employed to collect data across various traffic volumes. Travel time for different vehicle categories was estimated, and the travel time reliability congestion index was assessed. Multiple linear regression modelling was utilized to assess the attributes influencing congestion. Traffic signal synchronization and enforcement of traffic regulations, decentralization of important offices, and regulating roadside activities received strong recommendations from the majority of...

Trends in Traffic Accidents of Firefighting Vehicles and Their EvaluationSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Ladislav Jánošík, Izabela Šudrychová, Ivana Jánošíková, Marek Cochlar, Martin Tomášek

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):F96-F107 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.075  

The Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic is a security force whose primary task is to protect the lives and health of the population from fire and other emergency and critical situations. Members of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic need special firefighting appliances for performing these public services. The first-response firefighting vehicles are professionally denominated as firefighting vehicles. These vehicles are used to transport units of firefighters, fire extinguishers and a technical equipment to a scene of an intervention. Traffic accidents occur occasionally while an emergency drive. Traffic accidents always have a negative...

Experimental Studying the Belt Conveyor Roller Wear Dependence on the Intensity of Technological Dust Accumulation in Open Pit MiningMechanical Engineering in Transport

Adilzhan Kuanyshbayev, Alexander Rozhkov, Nina Gorshkova, Kairosh Nogayev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B327-B338 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.071  

The paper presents the research on revealing the causes of belt conveyors downtime at open-pit mining operations. By results of researches it is established that the reasons of the above mentioned problems are technological dust formed at crushing of mineral ore, further loading and unloading, and also at transporting by conveyors. Dense dust-air mixture settling on the rotating mechanisms of conveyors, gets into the bearing units and on the surfaces of friction gears, which accelerates the process of wear of parts several times.

Development and Performance Investigation of the Direct Brushless Torque MotorMechanical Engineering in Transport

Marek Franko, Jaroslav Záruba, Jaroslav Rajníček, Martin Hraško, Michal Frivaldský

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B268-B277 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.062  

The paper deals with the brushless torque motor, that was designed for precise positioning device to substitute servo drive for high torque and low speed application. It describes the design, basic parameters as well as the analysis of torque characteristic. The paper also presents the results of realized measurements. Finally, the parameters of the brushless torque motor and servo drive applicated in precise positioning device are compared. A series of measurements like measurement of torque characteristics, loading characteristics and also measurements of drive performances are presented in this paper.

Smart City and Urban Logistics - Research Trends and Challenges: Systematic Literature ReviewOperation and Economics in Transport

Jan Chocholáč, Tomáš Kučera, Dana Sommerauerová, Roman Hruška, Stanislav Machalík, Jiří Křupka, Jaroslava Hyršlová

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):A175-A192 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.076  

The paper presents a systematic quantitative and qualitative literature review and classification of the last decades resources for a comprehensive and coherent view of smart city and urban logistics research trends and challenges. The review fully respects a six-step systematic literature review guideline and covers ninety-nine peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science Core Collection database.

Supercapacitor Module Sizing concerning Operational Constraints of the Power ConverterElectrical Engineering in Transport

Michal Frivaldský, Zdeno Biel, Marcel Pčola, Gabriel Kácsor, Marek Franko, Juraj Surový

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):C62-C69 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.063  

In this paper, the focus is given on the potential use of the supercapacitor component for peak power delivery, required during operation. Potential application use considered here is electric drive for robotic arm motorization. Automatization of industrial and manufacturing processes requires increasing demands on the use of industrial robots. The motion profiles of such system, requires within the operation peak power demand. The supply system can be composed from DC bus power supply, or combined with energy storage system. Combination with proper energy storage component, can improve energy efficiency and provide peak power for the requirements...

Solution to the Chicken-Egg Dilemma of Electric Mobility for Indian Cities: A Roadmap to Clean EnergyOperation and Economics in Transport

Ruchi Singhal, Apurvkumar Desai, Chetan R. Patel

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):A147-A163 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.066  

Since the electrical vehicles (EVs) are infrastructure-dependent technology, their penetration faces the problem of lacking recharging infrastructure. Thus, there is a dilemma of chicken-egg in the penetration of EVs and their charging infrastructure for the decision-makers. The article examines the e-mobility scenario of 3 Indian cities to understand issues and challenges in implementing EVs. The study suggests a co-diffusion strategy for the EVs and charging infrastructure. Firstly, the priority EV segment has been decided based on the transport mode preference. Then, suitability of charging facilities according to the segment of the EVs has been...

Increasing the Efficiency of Transportation of Cargoes with a Cylindrical ShapeMechanical Engineering in Transport

Evgeny Mikhailov, Stanislav Semenov, Maxim Kovtanets, Ján Dižo, Miroslav Blatnický, Vadym Ishchuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B294-B300 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.067  

One of the most important directions of intensification and increasing the efficiency of the transportation process is to improve the use of the carrying capacity and capacity of vehicles. For this, it is necessary to the choose rational schemes for loading the cargo into cargo places of the rolling stock. The possible options for loading the vehicle body with cylindrical loads, which are transported when they are installed on the end, are considered. The conducted analysis showed that there are several typical schemes for loading such cargoes. Analytical dependencies have been obtained that allow choosing a rational loading scheme when transporting...

Thermographic Mapping of the Melt Pool of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion ProcessMechanical Engineering in Transport

Jiři Sika, Vladimír Kindl, Michal Křížek, Tomáš Kavalíř, Michal Frivaldský

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B285-B293 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.065  

The article describes an advanced test stand for measuring temperatures during the 3D printing for additive manufacturing. Based on mathematical procedures, it analyzes the impact energy of the laser beam used in metal 3D printing.

Accident Response Analysis of Six Different Types of Distracted DrivingSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Alireza Ansariyar, Abolfazl Taherpour, Parisa Masoumi, Mansoureh Jeihani

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):F78-F95 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.070  

The study analysed the driving performance and visual impairment of 92 participants under six different distraction scenarios. Using a car simulator and by simulating two real-world roads, a variety of data was collected, including driver behavior and vehicle-related data. According to a statistical analysis conducted during and before the distraction on road 1, females significantly increased speed more than males when using a hand-held call (=scenario #3), hands-free call (=scenario #4), text (=scenario #6), and voice command text (=scenario #7). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed on gender, age, vehicle speed, throttle, and offset from the...

Improvement of the Soft Containers Use in Transportation of the Bulk CargoMechanical Engineering in Transport

Stanislav Semenov, Evgeny Mikhailov, Oleksandr Kravchenko, Ján Dižo, Miroslav Blatnický, Vadym Ishchuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B278-B284 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.064  

The advantages and disadvantages of using the soft containers for cargo transportation are analyzed. The issues of the use of soft containers in transport and technological schemes for the supply of bulk goods are considered. Approaches to the rational selection of parameters of soft containers, during the transportation of bulk cargoes, taking into account the characteristics of the transported cargoes, are defined.

Influence of the Design Parameters of a Screw Feeder Loading Mechanism on the Torque Value of the Drive ShaftMechanical Engineering in Transport

Vasyl Vasylkiv, Dmytro Radyk, Mykola Stashkiv, Larysa Danylchenko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B301-B314 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.068  

The processes of material capture and movement in a screw feeder are characterized by significant loads due to the pressure of a vertical load column, which creates additional resistance to the movement of the material, overcoming which leads to unproductive energy consumption. The paper aims to study the influence of the design parameters of the loading mechanism on the torque on the drive shaft of a screw feeder. The results of experimental studies and computer simulation of the design parameters of the loading mechanism relation (the length of the loading zone, the inclination angle of the rotating wall of the loading nozzle, its displacement value...

The Architecture of the on-Board Power System of a More Electric AircraftElectrical Engineering in Transport

Lucjan Setlak, Rafał Kowalik

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):C70-C89 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.073  

Currently, various systems and devices for on-board equipment of modern aircraft are undergoing extensive transformations, particularly in terms of powering electrified aircraft. The main goal of authors of this article was to conduct an analysis of the selected electrified aircraft architecture in the scope of the HVDC system, among architectures in the 540 V voltage range (± 270 VDC) and 350 V, creating a mathematical model and making the necessary tests and simulation studies on the developed model. In the above aspect, article presents selected test results of a proposed system consisting of aircraft generators with changing speeds, which...

Improving the Management of Operations of the E-Scooter Services in Sicily: A First Step of a Descriptive Statistical SurveyOperation and Economics in Transport

Tiziana Campisi, Chiara Vianello, Emre Kuşkapan, Muhammed Yasin Çodur, Giulia De Cet

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):A164-A174 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.072  

The recent pandemic has changed the modal choices of users in the urban context, highlighting in the last two years an increase in the diffusion of electric scooters, which is not homogeneous in the Italian context. At the beginning of 2020, the first e-scooter services were launched in Sicily, with the city of Palermo leading the way. A survey was therefore conducted in Sicily involving approximately 550 regular users of e-scooter services. The descriptive statistical analysis undertaken compared three different periods pre, during and post pandemic, with particular attention to the gender and age gap and different trends in the diffusion of multimodality....

Interaction of the TE33a Diesel Locomotive and the Railway Track on Curved Section with Radius 290 mMechanical Engineering in Transport

Seidulla Abdullayev, Gabit Bakyt, Azhar Kamzina, Kurmangazy Sarsanbekov, Assel Abdullayeva

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B315-B326 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.069  

The purpose of the research was an experimental study of the dynamic processes of interaction between a TE33A diesel locomotive and a railway track when passing along a curved section with a radius of 290 m. To study the dynamic and driving properties of the rolling stock, the analysis of the experimental data obtained was carried out. When performing the study, the following results were obtained: the indicators of the frame forces of each wheel were determined when moving the TE33A locomotive along a curve with a radius of 290 m; the coefficients of the vertical dynamics of the second suspension stage when moving the TE33A locomotive along a curve...